apache2 인증서 생성 및 https(ssl) 설정

학습자료(~2017)

apache2 인증서 생성 및 https(ssl) 설정

단세포소년 2014. 2. 5. 14:39

1. 인증서 생성

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt

2. apache 설정

아파치 설정 부분에 아래의 굻은 글씨를 추가하면 https 접속으로 바뀐다. https 기본 포트는 443 이다.

vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/https.conf

ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

SSLEngine on

SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key

DocumentRoot /var/www

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

</Directory>

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

AllowOverride None

Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

443 포트에 관한 설정은 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl 이미 기본적으로 있다. 443포트에 대해 위처럼 따로 설정을 한다면

sudo a2dissite default-ssl

명령을 통해 default-ssl 설정을 사용중지 시켜야한다.

3. ssl 모듈 활성

sudo a2enmod ssl

sudo service apache2 restart

4. https.conf 활성

sudo a2ensite https.conf

5. 참고 사항

기본적으로 apache 설치시 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl 란 파일에 443 포트에 대한 https 설정이 있다.

sudo a2enmod ssl

sudo service apache2 restart

명령을 통해 ssl 모듈을 활성화 시키고

sudo a2ensite default-ssl

명령을 통해 설정을 활성화만 시키면 https 접속이 가능하다.

아래는 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl 내용이다.

ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

DocumentRoot /var/www

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

</Directory>

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

AllowOverride None

Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined

# SSL Engine Switch:

# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.

SSLEngine on

# A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing

# the ssl-cert package. See

# /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz for more info.

# If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the

# SSLCertificateFile directive is needed.

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

# Server Certificate Chain:

# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the

# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the

# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively

# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile

# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server

# certificate for convinience.

#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt

# Certificate Authority (CA):

# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA

# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one

# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)

# Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks

# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided

# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.

#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/

#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt

# Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):

# Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client

# authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all

# of them (file must be PEM encoded)

# Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks

# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided

# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.

#SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/

#SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl

# Client Authentication (Type):

# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are

# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a

# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate

# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.

#SSLVerifyClient require

#SSLVerifyDepth 10

# Access Control:

# With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based

# on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server

# variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a

# mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation

# for more details.

#<Location />

#SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \

# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \

# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \

# and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \

# and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \

# or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/

#</Location>

# SSL Engine Options:

# Set various options for the SSL engine.

# o FakeBasicAuth:

# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that

# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The

# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.

# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user

# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.

# o ExportCertData:

# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and

# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the

# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client

# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates

# into CGI scripts.

# o StdEnvVars:

# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.

# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,

# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually

# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the

# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.

# o StrictRequire:

# This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even

# under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied

# and no other module can change it.

# o OptRenegotiate:

# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL

# directives are used in per-directory context.

#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

</FilesMatch>

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

</Directory>

# SSL Protocol Adjustments:

# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown

# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for

# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown

# approach you can use one of the following variables:

# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:

# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no

# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates

# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use

# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where

# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.

# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:

# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a

# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify

# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in

# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use

# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation

# works correctly.

# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP

# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable

# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.

# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround

# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and

# "force-response-1.0" for this.

BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \

nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \

downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

# MSIE 7 and newer should be able to use keepalive

BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown

</VirtualHost>

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